anxiety

Two overlapping worlds.

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The Bhagavad Geeta addresses the ethical and moral dilemmas around the questions of who we are, how we should live our lives and act in this world. If this voluminous text was to be summarised in two sentences, they would be:

  1. Do what needs to be done, knowing that all actions come from God.
  2. Do not be attached to the results of your actions.

Six weeks ago, I re-entered the world of Suicide Prevention due to a presentation I agreed to make. It took me back to a familiar battleground where strong currents of injustice flowed through me. I went over our story yet again, in mind and body. It burnt me up. It made me restless and irritable. It kept me staring at the ceiling at night. It brought back the shit of guilt in big droppings. It was silly of me to agree to do it, but it was too late already. I wrote it down, prepared a set of PowerPoint slides to support the story.  I repeated it for the nth time to many. I wondered, to what end, but I did it anyway.

Four and a half years ago, when my road gradually swerved from the Suicide Prevention world towards peer support with other parents, it was like a cool breeze gently blowing in my face. That conversation felt like a proper invitation. Instinctively I knew it was good for me. Despite huge self-doubt, I trusted that path. I went with it. This work was also about preventing isolation and possibly suicide amongst parents, as our risk is 60-70% higher than others. It did not feel like work at all. We formed strong bonds of friendship. We shared deeply and held each other in understanding and compassion. This felt like home.  

The organisers at National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health provided me the best possible support to be able to present my thoughts. The comments on the chat were that of gratitude and inspiration to change. One person said that it was better than any training course they had attended. I am glad that I did what was needed. The strength to do it came from somewhere. Now, it can do its work and I can go back home.

The recording is here (‘Bridging the gaps’ starts 6 minutes and 45 seconds in).

Wrap-around?

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“What can we do to offer wrap-around care to our patients?”

In the live Q&A at the end of the NCISH conference yesterday, this question was asked of the panel. The Chairperson directed it towards me. I can’t remember what I said. This morning I woke up with what I would have liked to say.

For wrapping, we need two things. One, the fabric which we are going to use to wrap and the person we want to wrap. Let’s discuss them one by one.

  1. The fabric

The fabric of Suicide prevention in Health-Care is made up of two things – people and systems. Let’s look at them a bit closely.

  1. People

What are the beliefs of the people?

I know of an ENT surgeon from another country who wanted to move to the UK and the only job he could find was in Psychiatry. So, he is now training to be a Psychiatrist. Is he interested in suicide prevention? Do Health-care professionals believe that suicides are preventable? Are they content that simply by treating mental illness they are doing their job?

What are the attitudes and abilities of the people?

When the Emergency department calls to say there is a suicidal individual waiting to be seen, how do they feel? Are they excited to have an opportunity to make a difference? Or is it a drain on the limited time and energy they have? Do they know how to build a compassionate connection with someone who has lost all hope? Have they received any training in Suicide Prevention? Do they have enough self-compassion to look after someone else well?

Do they have the resources and the knowledge to do a good job?

Do they have access to their past history? Do they have beds on the ward? Can they ask a colleague for a second opinion if they have a doubt about how to involve family or friends in their care? Do they know of other resources, like charities, activities and people that may help this person? Do they have comprehensive and informative leaflet they can share with them? Do they have the means to follow them up?

b. Systems

Does the system have capacity? Are the various parts of the system effective and joint-up enough to be able to hold the person they are trying to wrap or are there big holes in this part of the fabric? Do the various parts of the system share the same mental model, a shared knowledge, pre-suppositions, and beliefs that can be used to help achieve mutual goals? Are their practices evidence- based? Do they investigate deaths with a view to learn lessons and implement change? Do they look after the well-being and emotional health of their employees? Do they hold themselves accountable when things go wrong?

2. The person

Allowing space for them to express themselves. Help maintain their sense of agency. Inform them it is safer for them to involve other people who care for them. Equip them with resources. Give them the support they need. Ask them what would help them? Listen. Sit with their despair. Acknowledge it. Keep them connected with their life as they know it. Keep hope alive for them.

Know that the person at the centre of the wrapping is of great value.

Information is useful if it becomes knowledge. Knowledge is useful when it becomes wisdom. So, let us not stop at information.

Ref:

Reaching common ground: The role of shared mental models in patient safety : https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2516043518805326

170,000

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– the number of suicides in India every year. India holds the top position in the world in very few things. This is one of them. Of these deaths, more than 40% are under the age of thirty. Both these facts possibly underestimate the problem due to poor data collection, criminalisation of suicidal attempts, inefficient registration systems, lack of medical certification of deaths and biggest of all, stigma. Every eight minutes a young Indian person dies by suicide. Year on year, the rates are rising by 4-7%.

The incidence of student suicides surpasses population growth rates. Over the last decade, the number of student suicides increased from 7,696 to 13,089.

Source: A report released on Sept 10th 2024: Student Suicides: an epidemic sweeping India.

Today, to mark World Mental Health Day, a brave young lady, Jayeta Biswas, published an article remembering her brother, Jayanta. Aside from revealing some shocking statistics, it lamented the seriously negative societal attitudes towards poor mental health and suicide in India:

“A home that was always filled with visitors when my brother was alive saw no one from his school, college, professional life or network after his departure. None of his friends, including those he had contacted in his last hours – attended his funeral, nor did they visit our house. I am certain that this is because they heard that he died by suicide.”

We have a long way to go as a society but small school initiatives such as SEHER give me hope.

Poverty and the Mind

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Vikram Patel is a psychiatrist and a Professor of Global Health who works tirelessly to improve the mental health of people living in low and middle income countries like India and Ethiopia.

His recent research has found that all countries are ‘developing’ countries when you look at the low proportion of the health-budget they spend on mental health. Some wealthy countries may have better systems of care for maternal and child health but overall, mental health remains universally, at the end of the queue.

At present, COVID has overtaken all other agendas. However, now more than ever before, there is a recognition of the two-way relationship between poverty and mental ill-health. This may be a historic opportunity to get this right.

The relationship between poverty and mental ill-health is a complex one. How can we distinguish a normal response to poverty from a disease process? Poverty can increase the risk of poor mental health via multiple pathways, for example, poor physical health, high levels of noise pollution, violent neighbourhoods, insecurity and humiliation.

Can an increase in income improve mental health? Yes. It can but it needs to be sustained.

The fact that having a mental illness may induce poverty is less well recognised. It may affect one’s education and hence, employment opportunities. In low and medium income countries, health care is paid for by people. Due to the length of time it takes to find an effective treatment, much effort and money is wasted in doctor-shopping. Depression is inequitably distributed in society but not recognised as such because wealthy individuals also get it. We accept that long term expensive therapies cannot be delivered to the poor, so what’s the point in studying them?

After nearly a year of job-losses, the number of people below the bread-line all over the world will increase by tens of millions. In India alone, the gains made in economic growth over the last decade are predicted to be wiped out this year. The historically disadvantaged will fare worse, suffer more.

We can expect a surge in mental health problems like we did after the 2008 global financial crisis, mainly led by suicide and drug misuse. Sir Angus S Deaton, a Nobel prize winning economist wrote extensively about these deaths of despair. Economists and global health experts warn that this one will possibly be far worse.

In India, while the state is spending all its energies on the pandemic, livelihood-based organisations are finding very poor mental health in their members. Taking a broad, multidisciplinary approach to depression and anxiety rather than viewing it through the lens of a medical specialty is the need of the hour. Policies all over the world need to de-medicalise the emphasis on specialists and empower front-line providers and communities to enable them to foresee, identify and address this problem.

The bi-directional relationship between mental health and finances means that appropriate mental health interventions can improve finances. Can we persuade policy-makers world-wide to listen to global health experts and economists, look at this fast-approaching  avalanche and steer policies to protect those who are being and will be hit by it?

Talk: Poverty and Depression (https://voxdev.org/topic/health-education/poverty-and-depression-how-improving-mental-health-can-help-economic-wellbeing) – this talk was available till last night but has since disappeared.

Research Papers:

  1. Angus Deaton on the Financial crisis and the well-being of Americans (June 2011):

https://www.nber.org/papers/w17128

2. Vikram Patel on Causal evidence and mechanisms of Poverty, Depression and Anxiety (May 2020):

https://www.nber.org/papers/w27157

Thank you, Rumi.

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Welcome, unexpected visitor.

The Guest House

This being human is a guest house.
Every morning a new arrival.

A joy, a depression, a meanness,
some momentary awareness comes
as an unexpected visitor.

Welcome and entertain them all!
Even if they’re a crowd of sorrows,
who violently sweep your house
empty of its furniture,
still, treat each guest honorably.
He may be clearing you out
for some new delight.

The dark thought, the shame, the malice,
meet them at the door laughing,
and invite them in.

Be grateful for whoever comes,
because each has been sent
as a guide from beyond.

  • by Jalaluddin Rumi.